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AI evidence extraction

When AI outputs become documents: Documentation activity in human– AI dialogue

Sascha Donner · Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · 2026

AI-generated evidence extraction, verified across multiple analytical personas. Not a substitute for the peer-reviewed original.

9/10
Relevance
0/4
Quality (LMQS)
I
Evidence
0
Citations
0.00
FWCI

This is an AI analysis. Read the peer-reviewed original at the publisher: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.70090

Methodology & findings

Study design

Reflexive case study analysis with systematic thematic coding guided by the Model of Documentation Activity (MoDA), applied to an extended ChatGPT dialogue

Primary method

Reflexive case study analysis with thematic coding

Main result

The study demonstrates that "AI outputs acquire documentary status through human practices of framing boundaries, establishing form, and attributing responsibility." Additionally, the research introduces the concept of artificially blended testimony (ABT) to explain "how LLM outputs provisionally stabilize as documentary artifacts despite lacking testimonial grounding."

Research paradigm

Interpretivist/Hermeneutic

Author conclusions

The authors conclude that "human oversight mandates in AI governance" should be "reconceptualize[d] as documentation thresholds, identifying the documentation practices required for AI outputs to function as preservable, citable, and accountable documents within information infrastructures."

Risk of bias

Single case study design limits generalizability; Researcher reflexivity acknowledged but single-analyst interpretation risk; Limited to ChatGPT dialogue; findings may not apply to other LLM systems

Open questions raised

  • The paper identifies that "LLM outputs lack identifiable authorship, stable provenance, or testimonial grounding" which "challenges foundational assumptions in document theory about authority, accountability, and evidentiary value." This gap motivates investigation into how such outputs acquire documentary status through situated use.
Data: not_statedCode: not_statedExtracted from: pdfAgreement 88%

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